Mining

Sponge iron sludge refers to a byproduct or waste material that is generated during the production of sponge iron, also known as direct reduced iron (DRI). Sponge iron is produced by reducing iron ore (usually in the form of pellets or lumps) in the presence...

An "iron oxide shell" refers to a thin layer of iron oxide that forms on the surface of iron or steel when it reacts with oxygen in the air or other oxidizing environments. The formation of this shell is part of the **oxidation process** and...

Iron ore concentrate is a refined and processed form of iron ore, specifically produced to increase the percentage of iron (Fe) and remove impurities like silica, alumina, phosphorus, and sulfur. It is an intermediate product used in steelmaking after it has been beneficiated or upgraded...

Hematite is an iron oxide mineral with the chemical formula "Fe₂O₃". It is one of the most important iron ores, as it contains a high percentage of iron. Hematite appears in a variety of colors, ranging from metallic gray or black to reddish-brown, depending on...

Molybdenum oxide (commonly referred to as "molybdenum trioxide" or "MoO₃") is a chemical compound that is the primary commercial source of molybdenum. It is an intermediate product in the production of molybdenum metal, as well as an important industrial chemical used in various applications.  Key...

Ferro Molybdenum (FeMo) is an alloy of iron and molybdenum, commonly used in the steelmaking industry to add molybdenum content to various steel types. Molybdenum is a crucial element in steel alloys as it enhances the strength, toughness, corrosion resistance, and heat resistance of the...

Ferrosilicon is an alloy made up of iron (Fe) and silicon (Si), with the silicon content ranging between 15% and 90% by weight. It is an essential material in the steelmaking and casting industries, primarily used as a deoxidizer, inoculant, and alloying agent. Here’s a...

Cement is a fine, powdery substance that, when mixed with water, forms a paste that hardens over time. It is a key ingredient in concrete and mortar, which are widely used in construction for building infrastructure such as roads, buildings, and bridges. Here are some...

Clinker is a key intermediate material in the production of cement. It is formed during the sintering phase in cement production, where limestone (calcium carbonate) and other raw materials are heated in a rotary kiln to form solid nodules. These nodules, or clinkers, are later...

Bentonite is a highly absorbent clay material primarily composed of montmorillonite, a type of smectite mineral. It is formed from the weathering of volcanic ash and is notable for its ability to swell when in contact with water, making it extremely versatile for various industrial...

Baryte (also spelled "barite") is a mineral composed of barium sulfate (BaSO₄). It is notable for its high specific gravity, which makes it a key material in various industrial applications. Baryte occurs in a variety of colors, including white, yellow, blue, gray, and brown, and...

Copper concentrate is a product derived from the processing of copper ores. It is an intermediate material that contains a high percentage of copper, typically between 25% and 35%, along with other valuable metals such as gold, silver, and molybdenum. The concentrate is then refined...

Coke fuel is a high-carbon product derived from coal, used primarily in the steelmaking process. It is created by heating coal in the absence of air, which drives off volatile compounds, leaving behind a solid carbon-rich material. Here are the key aspects of coke fuel:...